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Kelam ve ahlak alimi olarak \u00fcnl\u00fc\u00a0\u0130mam-\u0131 Gazali<\/strong>‘nin as\u0131l ad\u0131,\u00a0Muhammed bin Muhammed bin Muhammed bin Ahmed<\/strong>, k\u00fcnyesi Ebu Hamid, unvan\u0131 ise \u0130slam’\u0131n delili manas\u0131na da gelen H\u00fcccet-\u00fcl-\u0130slam ve Zeyneddin’dir.<\/p>\n \u0130\u00e7tihad\u0131 \u015eafii mezhebine yak\u0131n oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in bu mezhepten oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclen \u0130mam-\u0131 Gazali, \u0130ran’\u0131n Tus \u015fehrinin Gazal kasabas\u0131nda, 1058 y\u0131l\u0131nda (Hicri 450) d\u00fcnyaya geldi.<\/p>\n \u0130lk ilmi e\u011fitimini Tus’ta alan \u0130mam-\u0131 Gazali, daha sonra C\u00fcrcan’a ilim tahsil etmek i\u00e7in giderek \u0130mam Ebu Nasr \u0130smaili’den bir m\u00fcddet ders ald\u0131 ve tekrar memleketi Tus’a d\u00f6nd\u00fc.<\/p>\n Memleketinde \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131l kalan Gazali, tahsiline devam etmek i\u00e7in o zaman\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ilim ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr merkezi olan Ni\u015fabur’a giderek, zaman\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck alimlerinden \u0130mam-\u00fcl-Harameyn Eb\u00fc’l-Meali el-C\u00fcveyni’nin talebesi oldu.<\/p>\n Gazali’nin, \u00fcst\u00fcn zekas\u0131 ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6ren hocas\u0131, \u00f6zel ilgilenerek, usul-i hadis, usul-i f\u0131k\u0131h, kelam, mant\u0131k, \u0130slam hukuku ve m\u00fcnazara alanlar\u0131nda ilim \u00f6\u011fretti. Ni\u015fabur’da tahsilini tamamlad\u0131ktan sonra b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ilim ve edebiyat hamisi olan Sel\u00e7uklu Devleti’nin \u00fcnl\u00fc veziri Nizam\u00fclm\u00fclk’\u00fcn daveti \u00fczerine Ba\u011fdat’a gitti. Gazali, Nizam\u00fclm\u00fclk’\u00fcn toplad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilim meclisinde bulunan d\u00f6nemin alimlerince ilminin derinli\u011fi ve meseleleri izah etmekteki \u00fcst\u00fcn kabiliyeti neticesinde iltifata de\u011fer bulundu.<\/p>\n Ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemde \u00e7e\u015fitli f\u0131rkalarla girdi\u011fi ilmi tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131, en zor ve ince mevzularda nazik ve nezih bir \u00fcslup kullanan Gazali, y\u00fcksek ilmi, hitabet, izah etme kabiliyeti ve zekas\u0131yla dikkat \u00e7ekti.<\/p>\n Nizam\u00fcll\u00fck, parlak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Gazali’yi hen\u00fcz 34 ya\u015f\u0131ndayken nizamiye m\u00fcderrisi olarak tayin etti.<\/p>\n E\u011fitim m\u00fcderrisli\u011finde etkin vazife \u00fcstlenen Gazali’nin yeti\u015ftirdi\u011fi 300 \u00f6\u011frenci aras\u0131nda Ebu Mansur Muhammed, Muhammed bin Es’ad et-Tusi, Eb\u00fc’l-Hasan el-Belensi, Ebu Abdullah C\u00fcmert el-H\u00fcseyni gibi isimler yer ald\u0131.<\/p>\n Bu s\u0131rada birbirinden k\u0131ymetli kitaplar\u0131 \u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131na kazand\u0131ran Gazali, ilim ehli, devlet adamlar\u0131 ve halk taraf\u0131ndan da b\u00fcy\u00fck bir h\u00fcrmet g\u00f6rd\u00fc.<\/p>\n \u015e\u00f6hreti g\u00fcn ge\u00e7tik\u00e7e artan \u0130mam-\u0131 Gazali, nizamiye m\u00fcderrisli\u011finde bulundu\u011fu y\u0131llarda, “Kitab\u00fc’l-Basit fil-F\u00fcru”, “Kitab-\u00fcl-Vesit, El-Veciz”, “Meahiz-\u00fcl-Hilaf” isimli kitaplar\u0131 yazd\u0131.<\/p>\n Bu d\u00f6nemde “Kitabu Fedaihil-Bat\u0131n\u0131yye ve Fedail-il-M\u00fcstehzariyye” isimli kitab\u0131n\u0131 yazan Gazali, ayn\u0131 zamanda Rumca’y\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenerek, eski Yunan ve Latin filozoflar\u0131n kitaplar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcnde yakla\u015f\u0131k 3 sene incelemelerde bulundu. Bu incelemeleri esnas\u0131nda ve neticesinde “Mekasid-\u00fcl Felasife” ile “Tehaf\u00fct-\u00fcl-Felasife” isimli kitaplar\u0131 kaleme ald\u0131.<\/p>\n Gazali, Avrupal\u0131 filozoflar\u0131n, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n tepsi gibi d\u00fcz oldu\u011funu iddia ettikleri d\u00f6nemde ilim ve felsefelerinin yanl\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funu ispat ederek, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n yuvarlak oldu\u011funu a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131. Karaci\u011ferde kan\u0131n zehir ve mikroplardan temizlenip tazelendi\u011fini, safra ve lenfle zararl\u0131 madde eriyiklerinin kandan ayr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve b\u00f6ylece dala\u011f\u0131n, b\u00f6breklerin ve safra kesesinin rollerini, kan\u0131n madde miktarlar\u0131ndaki oran\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fmesi sonucunda v\u00fccut s\u0131hhatinin bozulaca\u011f\u0131 gibi t\u0131p alan\u0131nda pek \u00e7ok konuyu da delilleriyle ortaya koydu.<\/p>\n \u0130slam alimi Gazali ayr\u0131ca, di\u011fer fen ilimlerinde de fikir ve bilgileri izah ederek kitaplar\u0131nda yer verdi.<\/p>\n Yo\u011fun ge\u00e7en ilmi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131ndan sonra yerine karde\u015fi Ahmed Gazali’yi vekil b\u0131rakan Gazali, nizamiye m\u00fcderrisli\u011fi g\u00f6revine ara vererek Ba\u011fdat’tan ayr\u0131ld\u0131. \u00c7e\u015fitli ilmi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar ve seyahatler ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiren Gazali, \u015eam’da kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 2 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde en k\u0131ymetli ve tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f eseri olan “\u0130hyau-Ulumi’d-din” isimli kitab\u0131n\u0131 yazd\u0131.<\/p>\n \u015eam’dan Kud\u00fcs’e giden Gazali, “Mufass\u0131l’ul-Hilaf”, “Cevab-ul-Mesail” ve Allah’\u0131n g\u00fczel isimleri olarak bilinen Esma’\u00fcl H\u00fcsna’y\u0131 anlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 “El- Maksad \u00fcl-Esma” adl\u0131 eserleri yazd\u0131.<\/p>\n Gazali, Kud\u00fcs’te bir m\u00fcddet daha kald\u0131ktan sonra Hac vazifesini ifa ederek, Ba\u011fdat’a geri d\u00f6nd\u00fc. Nizamiye Medresesi’nde e\u011fitim vermeye devam ederek, “\u0130hyau-Ulumi’d-din” isimli kitab\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011frencilerine ders olarak okuttu.<\/p>\n Memleketi Tus’a tekrar d\u00f6nen Gazali burada da “Ed-Derc\u00fclmerkum”, “El-K\u0131stas’ul-M\u00fcstakim”, “\u0130slam’da M\u00fcsamaha Faysal\u00fc’t-Tefrika Beyne’l-\u0130slam Ve’z-Zendeka”, “Kimya-y\u0131 Saadet” ve “Et Tibrul Mesbuk Fi Nasihatul Muluk” isimli eserlerini kaleme ald\u0131.<\/p>\n Yakla\u015f\u0131k 10 sene s\u00fcren \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131ndan sonra Sel\u00e7uklu veziri Fahr-\u00fcl-M\u00fclk’\u00fcn ricas\u0131 \u00fczerine bir m\u00fcddet daha Nizamiye Medresesi’nde ders veren Gazali, tasavvufu anlatan “Mi\u015fkat\u00fc’l-Envar” adl\u0131 eserini fikir d\u00fcnyas\u0131na kazand\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n Son g\u00fcnlerini insanlar\u0131 ir\u015fad etmekle ge\u00e7iren Gazali, bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te “El-Munk\u0131z Mine’d Dalal”, “Selef’i Salihin Mezhebi Huccetu’l \u0130slam”, ehli s\u00fcnnete tabi olmay\u0131 anlatan “\u0130nan\u00e7ta Hassas \u00d6l\u00e7\u00fcler \u0130lcam\u00fc’l Avam An \u0130lmi’l-Kelam” isimli kitaplar\u0131n\u0131 tamamlad\u0131.<\/p>\n M\u0131s\u0131rl\u0131 bilim adam\u0131 Abdurrahman Bedevi’nin ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131na g\u00f6re Gazali, 457 kitap yazd\u0131, ancak g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze sadece 75 eseri ula\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n Zahir ilimlerinde e\u015fsiz bir alim olarak bilenen Gazali, tasavvuf ilimlerinde de m\u00fcr\u015fid olarak tan\u0131mland\u0131.<\/p>\n Nizamiye Medresesi’nde ders verdikten sonra do\u011fdu\u011fu yer olan Tus’a d\u00f6nen Gazali, 53 senelik \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fcn son y\u0131llar\u0131n\u0131 Tus’ta ge\u00e7irmeyi tercih etti. Gazali, evinin yak\u0131n\u0131na bir medrese ve tekke de yapt\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n B\u00fcy\u00fck \u0130slam m\u00fctefekkiri \u0130mam-\u0131 Gazali, 19 Aral\u0131k 1111’de hayata veda etti.<\/p>\n Kelam ve ahlak alimi olarak \u00fcnl\u00fc\u00a0\u0130mam-\u0131 Gazali‘nin as\u0131l ad\u0131,\u00a0Muhammed bin Muhammed bin Muhammed bin Ahmed, k\u00fcnyesi Ebu Hamid, unvan\u0131 ise<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1199","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nGazali, Avrupal\u0131 filozoflar\u0131n tezlerini \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc<\/h3>\n
Allah’\u0131n g\u00fczel isimlerini “El- Maksad \u00fcl-Esma” da anlatt\u0131<\/h3>\n
Gazali, zahir ilimlerde e\u015fsiz bir alim olarak tan\u0131nd\u0131<\/h3>\n
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